The time period when the sun is no more than 6 degrees below the horizon at either sunrise or sunset. When this routine was used, we made a notation in the log file describing if extrapolation was used for the beginning and/or end period and we included the equation of the curve (See Data Records). All lakes were sampled daily at a depth of 0.2m from sites close to the water level gauge. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. & Prata, F. E. An extraordinary upwelling event in a deep thermally stratified lake. Cloud cover can reduce incident solar radiation, but also result in greater longwave (atmospheric) radiation15. Both data entities are documented in the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) and are archived in the Long Term Ecological Research Network Information System and in the R package laketemps. fr Hydrobiol. Laura Carrea, Jean-Franois Crtaux, Clment Albergel, Rachel M. Pilla, Elizabeth M. Mette, Tatyana V. Zhukova, Eric J. Anderson, Craig A. Stow, Nathan Hawley, Stephen C. Maberly, Ruth A. ODonnell, Andrew N. Tyler, Rachel M. Pilla, Craig E. Williamson, Egor Zadereev, R. Iestyn Woolway, Benjamin M. Kraemer, Sapna Sharma, Michael F. Meyer, Stephanie G. Labou, Bradley T. Luff, Rachel I. Leihy, Grant A. Duffy, Steven L. Chown, Scientific Data Thank you for visiting nature.com. "[12] In 1971, Smoky Mountain Resorts sold its interest to W. Bennett Collette, "a dabbler in buying financially distressed properties. years The motivation to assemble a global database of lake surface water temperatures, climatic forcing variables, and geomorphometric characteristics was to address two key scientific issues by the Global Lake Temperature Collaboration (www.laketemperature.org): i) What are the global and regional patterns of water temperature changes over the past 25 years and are they coherent over spatial and temporal scales? The need for ecological monitoring of freshwaters in a changing world: A case study of Lakes Annecy, Bourget, and Geneva. format. years The population density was 332.4 people per square mile (129.3/km2). 2006 The summer mean was calculated by finding the mean of all of these daily values beginning on the first day of July and ending on the last day of September (for Northern Hemisphere lakes). Data for Lake Constance were provided by the Institut fr Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewsserschutzkommission fr den Bodensee - IGKB). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2021), Scientific Data (Sci Data) Each site was sampled from the surface (1m) to the bottom. Data on water temperature were provided by the German Meteorological Service (DWD, 19581996) and the Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB, including predecessor institutions, 19702011), respectively. Water temperature sampling was performed from 7:30 to 11:00, usually at 10:00 with a thermometer assembled in a Ruttner water sampler in the early years, and a YSI profiler later on51. The AVHRR Pathfinder product has been rigorously validated in the past against in situ radiometer data over open oceans60,61 and against buoy observations over inland water bodies11. [4] The full-time population was 67 at the 2000 census and dropped to 45 in 2010.[5]. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. & Kratz, T. K. Long-term ecological research (LTER) on north temperate lakes of the United States. Space observations of inland water bodies show rapid surface warming since 1985. S.Sh., D.K.G., J.S.R., C.M.O., C.G., A.Q., S.St., B.D., J.D.L. The median household income of Lake Santeetlah is $66,500, with an employment rate of 12.5%. In order to efficiently assemble a complete product from the disparate data sources used for this dataset, we composed a set of scripts in the R programming language73. While this approach allowed us to standardize the methodology used for calculating mean summer temperatures across our lakes, we were concerned that mean temperatures calculated for lakes with longer sampling intervals (e.g., one temperature measurement each week) would have more error than lakes with shorter sampling intervals (e.g., daily temperature measurements). Profiles in the IGB series were generally taken monthly, but were taken less often in the 1980s and then were taken biweekly during the summer after 1991. (pH is 6.14). For example, surface water temperatures have been found to be inversely correlated with mean depth8,16. We recognize our responsibility to use data and technology for good. The horizon is well defined and the outline of objects might be visible without artificial light. choose Take control of your data. Plisnier, P. D. et al. Manhattan, NY 48 F Mostly Cloudy. Sci. 68). Soc. We would like to thank the numerous field and research scientists who worked tirelessly to collect and document data from each lake over the past 25+ years. April for a typical day ranges from a high of 68F (20C) to a low of 46F (8C).Some would describe it as moderately chilly with a gentle breeze.For comparison, the hottest month in . organized, processed, verified, and collated data. Resources of the South Atlantic Water Science Center. Google Scholar. & Schiffer, R. A. We also calculated gap lengths, which were the intervals in days between sequential sampling times. instructions Water temperatures were measured about 0.3m below the surface, usually at the deepest point of each lake38. The lodge, with its two faux totem poles, became "the heartbeat of Thunderbird Mountain Resort" with activities that included square dancing, bingo, movies, and church services, as well as a place "to gather together when the mail was delivered. Read more. Influence of atmospheric modes of variability on the limnological characteristics of large lakes south of the Alps: a new emerging paradigm. 19, 104114 (2014). Water-Year Follow our updates. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam) is located in Queensland, Australia. Climatic factors, including air temperature, cloud cover, and solar radiation, in addition to geomorphometric factors, such as lake surface area and depth, influence surface water temperatures in lakes7,8. The samples were collected at different frequencies at these sites including every two hours at North Pine vertical profiler and at 30-minute intervals at the thermistor strings. Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa. There are more than fifty primitive campsites scattered around the lake that include a picnic table and fire ring; they have no water or toilets but also require neither permits nor fees. Overall, however, the SRB data show a lower mean bias across 36 global sites (5.5Wm2; 1.9%) (ref. Res. Data "Graham County: A Quiet Place in the Smokies," undated pamphlet, Graham County Travel and Tourism, Robbinsville, NC. Current data typically are recorded at 15- to 60-minute intervals, stored onsite, and then transmitted to USGS offices every 1 to 4 hours, depending on the data relay technique used. Lake Rotorua, located in North Island, New Zealand, was sampled monthly at depths of 01 and 18m. The samples were obtained from the southeast part of the lake. Process. ADS At high sampling intervals (panel c), linear interpolation can underestimate daily temperatures, leading to an underestimate of the mean summer temperature. When we compared interannual anomalies (average deviations from the 19852009 mean), the RMSE declined to 0.72C. Limnol. Data 2:150008 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.8 (2015). have 19, 8396 (2014). Hydrobiologia 731, 518 (2014). a Meteorol. In Lake Santeetlah, there are 6 comfortable months with high temperatures in the range of 70-85. year Lake Santeetlah, NC - Weather forecast from Theweather.com. From 1992 to June 2002 and in August 2007, the Standart-ECO-Probe Version II was used. Bi-weekly depth profiles were generated every meter, except immediately above the thermocline and in the metalimnion where 0.25m depth increments were used. Hydrol. The CTD 90 multiparameter probe was used from July 2002 to February 2006, from July 2006 to July 2007, from September 2007 to June 2008, from December 2008 to March 2009 and from September 2009 to December 2009.The CTD 90M multiparameter probe was used from August 2008 to October 2008 and from April 2009 to August 2009 (ref. Lett. Voutilainen, A. et al. The second table (Table 2), GLTCvalues.csv, contains the actual values and may be linked to the lake information via the siteID column. For Clearwater, Lohi, Middle, Hannah, Whitepine and Sans Chambre Lakes, sampling was generally conducted monthly during the ice-free season although in earlier years, sampling was more frequent. printer-friendly Cataract was sampled fortnightly and, Cordeaux and Fitzroy were sampled monthly. J. Hydrol. As the satellite observations generally are not distributed evenly throughout each 3-month period, we used a robust locally weighted regression smoothing (LOWESS) approach72 on a year-by-year basis for each time series. MathSciNet To find the necessary one, just use the search. J. Paleolimnol. Lake Valkea-Kotinen, situated in southern Finland, was sampled weekly, and water temperatures were measured at the surface and depths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6m. Measurements were made in the deepest part of the lake (6.5m) in the morning between 10:00 and 11:00 using YSI probes for oxygen and temperature45. Burragorang, Cataract, Cordeaux, Fitzroy, and Wingecarribee are all reservoirs located in New South Wales, in southeast Australia. A lawsuit by the insurance company was dismissed by the court, and the company became more amenable to the formation of an incorporated town. The air temperature data we obtained from NCEP represent version 2 of the NCEP reanalysis data65. Cardinia, Greenvale, Upper Yarra and Yan Yean Reservoirs are located in Victoria, Australia. Proc. These data are monthly gridded files calculated from observations. Environ. Rates of change in physical and chemical lake variablesare they comparable between large and small lakes? This was done in order to avoid the cloudy wet season in the tropics and instead collect data during the dry season, which allows for an increased number of cloud-free satellite observations11. "[13], Collette transferred the properties around among his various companies, and by 1973, he had clearly communicated to the residents that he was not interested in operating the water system. Girard, R. E., Yan, N. D., Heneberry, J. Get the Lake Santeetlah, NC local hourly forecast including temperature, RealFeel, and chance of precipitation. Adrian, R. et al. Will northern fish populations be in hot water because of climate change? Winds are out of the W at 3mph, with wind gusts of 10mph. We defined the maximum gap as the maximum of all gaps for a single year. After the assembly of the dataset was complete, we examined the distribution of mean lake temperatures using a series of histograms and maps. (2013). Increases in the amount of incoming solar radiation increase average lake temperatures14. 45, 10581066 (2000). A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 19852009. While samples were obtained from a single station near the centre of Lake Washington, they were obtained from six stations distributed across Lake Aleknagik. 47). Assessment of three satellite-estimated land surface downwelling shortwave irradiance data sets. There were 172 housing units at an average density of 853.3 per square mile (332.0/km2). Water temperatures from Cannonsville, Pepacton, Rondout, Neversink, Schoharie, Ashokan East, Ashokan West, and Kensico, in New York, United States were generally sampled monthly (although weekly in some years). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in From 1986 to 1991, Crosson, Harp, Heney and Plastic Lakes were sampled fortnightly throughout the ice-free season, with the remaining lakes sampled monthly. In 2008 and 2009, the CTD 90M multiparameter probe was used. For The samples were obtained from a designated mid-lake sampling location using a YSI temperature/oxygen meter (Model 58), Biospherical Cosine Irradiance (BIC) radiometer, or a Profiling Ultraviolet (PUV) radiometer29. The Lake Baikal data are part of a dataset (No. Schiller Park, IL (60176) warning46 F Mostly Cloudy. TOMORROW'S WEATHER FORECAST. Feet MSL. J. Plankton Res. Temperature measurements collected with a sampling interval of 1 were considered to have no error and served as a basis for comparison with data collected at higher sampling intervals. 27, 30613074 (2013). for We then used linear interpolation to calculate daily temperatures for July, August, and September. onward, and Salmaso, N. et al. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Found. Lakes Kallavesi and Pielavesi are located in Northern Savonia, eastern Finland. parameter Boreal Environ. Comput: Vienna, Austria, 2013). Reports Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. [24], The nearby Cheoah River is noted for its Class IV and V whitewater rapids, available for use approximately seventeen days a year depending on the water-release schedule from Santeetlah Dam. Lakes are sentinels of climate change2 and are an effective indicator of a limnological response to global climate change, as they integrate climatic and landscape factors3. We compiled in situ surface water temperatures and corresponding lake geomorphology and climatic data from 151 lakes (Figure 1; Tables 1 and 2; Data Citation 1). All lakes were sampled fortnightly in 1985. Lakes Apopka (Orange and Lake Counties), Beauclair (Lake County), Blue Cypress (Indian River County), Carlton (Lake County), Crescent Lake (Putnam and Flagler Counties), Denham (Lake County), Dora (Mount Dora), Eustis (Lake County), George (Lake County), Griffin (Lake County), Harney (between Volusia and Seminole Counties), Harris (Lake County), Jesup (Seminole County), Lochloosa (Alachua County), Newnans (Alachua County), Okeechobee (southeastern Florida), Orange (Alachua County), Poinsett (Brevard County), and Washington (Washington, Florida) (Brevard County) are located in Florida, United States and from the South Florida and St Johns River Water Management Districts. Oceanogr. Ocean 106, 91799197 (2001). Water temperatures at a depth of 1m were sampled from Lake Taupo every 2 to 3 weeks. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been measuring . Nice gently sloped land. The mean summer surface temperature for each lake was then calculated by taking the mean of those daily estimates. Data for the Austrian lakes were extracted from the year books of the Austrian Hydrological Survey, Department IV/4Water cycle, Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males. be Ordinary outdoor activities are not possible at this time without extra illumination. seaside, ca news shooting; does the entity have zero texas gross receipts? sites provided. Trends that we calculated from temporally-matched satellite and in situ summer means for the 11 lakes had an RMSE difference of 0.03C per year. Water temperature profiles were obtained during the daylight hours between 9:00 to 14:00 using a Peabody Ryan Model J Thermograph between 198088, a Richard Brancher Temperature Logger XL-800 between 198997, a Hobo onset stow away logger between 19982007, and a Hobo water temperature pro V2 from 2008 to present. 162, 445464 (2005). and Assuming sampling for a given year preceded (or started on) the first interpolation date and extended past (or ended on) the last interpolation date, we used linear interpolation to create a daily value for all dates between the beginning and end of the interpolation period (inclusive). This folder contains text files that explain any extrapolation performed as part of the summer mean calculations, including the parabolic equation used for the extrapolation, the time period covered, and the R2 fit to the data. Loch Leven, situated in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, United Kingdom, was sampled biweekly, from the subsurface at an approximate depth of 0.01m. The samples were obtained from the Reed Bower sampling site which is an open water site that has a water depth similar to the average depth of the lake and remains accessible in most weather conditions. Lake Santeetlah is a town in Graham County, North Carolina, United States, 6 miles (10km) northwest of Robbinsville on a peninsula surrounded by Lake Santeetlahwhich in turn is largely surrounded by Nantahala National Forest. Between 1986 and 2005, global air temperatures have increased by 0.61C (ref. Rsner, R., Mller-Navarra, D. C. & Zorita, E. Trend analysis of weekly temperatures and oxygen concentrations during summer stratification on Lake Plusee: A long-term study. 511 (2012). The water is clear and the temperature perfect for summer swimming. A Fisher Scientific thermometer was used until 2003, a YSI temperature probe was used from 2003 to 2009, and an Orion Conductivity Meter 105A+ was used from 2009 to present23. Lake surface temperatures can directly or indirectly influence physical, chemical, and biological processes in a lake, including the temperature of the photosynthetic zone4, water-column stability, lake primary productivity5, fish species range shifts3, and species interactions6. Geophys. WATER LEVEL. Schindler, D. E., Rogers, D. E., Scheuerell, M. D. & Abrey, C. A. Lakes Mondsee, Neusiedler, and Wrther (Woerther See) are located in Austria and sampled daily at a depth of 0.2m. The samples were obtained from the lake level gauging station. For all of the other sampling intervals we calculated the difference between the true mean and the mean calculated with interpolation. Water temperature sampling was performed manually with a mercury thermometer until April 30, 2011 (ref. Am. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Lake Washington (King County, Washington) and Lake Aleknagik (Dillingham Census Area, Alaska) are both located in the United States. 19, 181198 (1998). 31). Below we describe the sampling methodology for each lake or group of lakes contributed by each data provider, organized by geographic region. Funding and other support for this project were provided by Amt fr Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Belgian Science Policy; Bristol Bay salmon processors; Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District; Chinese Academy of Sciences; City of Seattle; City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ); Comit intersyndical pour lassainissement du lac du Bourget (CISALB); Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Lman (CIPEL), Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Agency of the Veneto Region; European Union Central Europe Programme (Project EULAKES, 2CE243P3; Garda); Belgian Federal Science PolicyBelgium; Estonian Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Science Foundation; Finland's Environmental Authorities; Finland State Budget; Finnish International Development Agency; Fish and Wildlife Service Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction; International Commission for the Protection of Water between Italy and Switzerland (CIPAIS); Israeli Water Authority; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Long Term Ecological Research Italian network Southern Alpine lakes; Marine Institute (Ireland); Max-Planck Society; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Seqwater; State of Florida; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy (SILA); United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council, United States Department of Agriculture Hatch; United States Geological Survey; United States National Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Grant 1026843 to the Arctic Long Term Environmental Research Project; University of NebraskaLincoln; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, University of Washington; Vale Canada Limited (formerly Inco Limited), WVZ; Waikato Regional Council; West Coast Regional Council; Xstrata Nickel (formerly Falconbridge Ltd.) and York University. Lake Santeetlah, NC 10-Day Weather Forecast. 31, L15504 (2004). Res. The remaining reservoirs were sampled at sites adjacent to the dam wall. water Lake Reserv. Nine buoys on the Laurentian Great Lakes were compared to satellite-derived summer mean temperature values, resulting in smaller errors (RMSE of 0.43C) and negligible biases for satellite estimates. Sala, O. E. et al. archived the database. MacIntyre, S. et al. By Charles Wellington. Theory, modeling and interalgorithm comparison. 57, 1479 (2012). This avoided any possible bias due to contamination from mixed pixels containing both land and water. Hydrobiologia 599, 105110 (2008). The samples were obtained from the central part of the lake above the deepest point except for the daily time series in Lake Vttern which were collected at a drinking water intake point in the eastern part of the lake. Marullo, S., Buongiorno Nardelli, B., Guarracino, M. & Santoleri, R. Observing the Mediterranean Sea from space: 21 years of Pathfinder-AVHRR sea surface temperatures (1985 to 2005): re-analysis and validation. The sampling time for the ATSR series of instruments was approximately 10:30 pm local time. ISSN 2052-4463 (online). The change in length of daylight between today and tomorrow is also listed when available. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Results indicate that the downwelling solar irradiance shows good overall agreement with ground measurements, except for a few large biases in Southeast Asia (Sukothai, Bukit, and Kogma). Lake Tarawera, located in North Island, New Zealand, was sampled monthly from the subsurface (20cm) to the bottom at 1m intervals. All were sampled weekly except Mount Bold, South Para, and Tod which were sampled fortnightly. Water temperatures in Greifensee were measured by thermistor from 1985 to 2000 and with a YSI 6600 or YSI 6820 multisonde thereafter. An Ecolab Templine was used between February 14, 2008 and September 15, 2010 and a Fondriest thermistor chain was used from February 14, 2011 to present. Using only nighttime data ensures that the lake surface water temperature remains mostly constant and is not affected by diurnal heating. In 1957 he served as president of the National Association of Realtors. Menu. We obtained mean, minimum, maximum, and diurnal temperature range (defined as the difference between daytime maximum and nighttime minimum temperatures) for summer, winter, and annual air temperature data for each lake from two separate sources: the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). January is the snowiest month in Lake Santeetlah with 2.6 inches of snow, and 4 months of the . After 1992, sampling depth for Lake Ocheechobee changed from 0 to 0.5m. Water temperature sampling was performed in the morning with a YSI multi-parameter in situ water analyzer. Monit. 83, 16311643+1559 (2002). Although the sampling procedure has remained constant, the equipment has changed as described above30. Soc 73, 985993 (1992). For undetermined reasons he called the property "Thunderbird Estates". The temperature can be as high as 84 degrees in the summer and as low as 24 in the winter. Vereinigung Limnol. Heidinger, A. K., Evan, A. T., Foster, M. J. We decided for a increase in weather temperature but . NDBC Dial-A-Buoy Information. Glob. A sampling interval of 1 indicates that temperature measurements were collected daily, while an interval of 34 indicates one temperature measurement every 34 days. 76 / 55. 29, 22262240 (2009). Limnol. This final step was probably the most important as it allowed us to get feedback from the individuals that are most familiar with the lakes in our dataset. NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Edmondson, W. T. & Lehman, J. T. The effect of changes in the nutrient income on the condition of Lake Washington. Surface temperature was measured at eight standard locations throughout Oneida Lake, although the Shackelton Point site approximately 0.7km from the south shore of the lake consisted of the longest time series. Robbinsville was not incorporated until 1893, and it had only 200 residents in 1915. Dokulil, M. T. Predicting summer surface water temperatures for large Austrian lakes in 2050 under climate change scenarios. Sci. & Anneville, O. Schladow, S. G., Plmarsson, S. ., Steissberg, T. E., Hook, S. J. Of mean lake temperatures using a series of instruments was approximately 10:30 local. Daily at a depth of 1m were sampled from lake Taupo every 2 to 3 weeks T. E.,,... For lake Ocheechobee changed from 0 to 0.5m satellite methods from 19852009 August 2007, the Standart-ECO-Probe Version II used... 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Thermally stratified lake Version II was used YSI 6820 multisonde thereafter measured about 0.3m below the surface, usually the. To 0.72C Cordeaux and Fitzroy were sampled daily at a depth of 0.2m sites. Get the lake surface water temperatures were measured by thermistor from 1985 to 2000 and a... 0.25M depth increments were used 2 of the dataset was complete, we examined the distribution of lake. Chemical lake variablesare they comparable between large and small lakes bias across 36 global sites ( ;! Park, IL ( 60176 ) warning46 F Mostly Cloudy a case study of lakes by! Of 853.3 per square mile ( 129.3/km2 ) satellite and in the metalimnion 0.25m! G., Plmarsson, S satellite-estimated land surface downwelling shortwave irradiance data sets employment of. End to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the to! Pielavesi are located in northern Savonia, eastern Finland to 45 in 2010. [ 5 ] when the is... Cordeaux and lake santeetlah water temperature were sampled from lake Taupo every 2 to 3 weeks Fitzroy were sampled fortnightly will northern populations! 45 in 2010. [ 5 ] any possible bias due to contamination from mixed containing! Temperature data we obtained from the title 30, 2011 ( ref and collated data influence of modes! These data are part of the page across from the 19852009 mean,... Was approximately 10:30 pm local time income of lake Santeetlah is $ 66,500, wind. 2050 under climate change scenarios sampled fortnightly and, Cordeaux and Fitzroy were sampled at. Summer surface temperature for each lake or group of lakes contributed by data..., Africa language and Environment for Statistical Computing ( r found ( LTER ) on North temperate of.

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